In addition, the lifestyles of companion animal are almost fully owner-dependent consequently, the attitudes, behaviors, and habits of their owners, such as offering excessive foods and not allowing for optimum exercise, and life events such as sterilization, can contribute to owner-influenced canine obesity. There are major risk factors for obesity, such as feeding habits, physical inactivity, and genetic are similar among humans and dogs. Many studies and opinions of obesity in companion animal suggested relationship between human obesity and dog obesity. Last decade, one health which the collaborative efforts of multiple disciplines working locally, nationally, and globally for people, animals and environment is attracting attention. The large body of literature addressing obesity and its prevention and treatment indicates the importance of obesity in human medical science. Worldwide, obesity and overweight disorder are reported to affect 609 million and 1.9 billion adults, respectively, in each year, representing about 39% of the global population. Obesity results from higher energy intake than expenditure, which can lead to dysfunction of adipocytes, triggering pathological disorders of multiple organs and systems. Obesity contributes to the morbidity of many diseases, including diabetes, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease, neurological diseases, gall bladder disease, musculoskeletal disorders, urinary tract and reproductive disorders, and certain types of cancer. The above results and discussion suggest that DWP16001 is safe and might have anti-obesity effects in naturally obese dogs. The results indicate that DWP16001 was not harmful to the dogs in our study and might have anti-obesity effects in naturally obese dogs. No specific adverse effects were observed throughout the experiment, and hematological parameters were unchanged. Serum cholesterol and triglycerides were reduced but not significantly. Serum alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, creatine phosphokinase, and creatinine were significantly reduced in DWP0.2 group on 8 weeks. Body fat percentage, chest and waist circumference, blood glucose, and insulin were reduced compared to OC group but not significantly different from those of the OC group during experimental period. Resultsīody condition score, body weight, and fat thickness were significantly reduced ( P < 0.05) in the DWP0.2 group compared with the OC group, respectively without affecting the food consumption. The food for maintenance was provided to dogs as 2 RER (Resting energy requirement) in kcal and DWP16001-supplemented food was administered once a day for 8 weeks. OC group fed with food for maintenance and treated groups were fed with food for maintenance with 0.2 mg/kg DWP16001, 0.5 mg/kg DWP16001 and 1 mg/kg DWP16001, respectively. A total of 20 dogs were divided into four equal groups: one obese control (OC group), and three treated groups DWP0.2 group, DWP0.5 group, and DWP1 group. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-obesity effects of DWP16001, a sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2 inhibitor), in naturally obese dogs.
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